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Grapefruit seed extract12/20/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() On the other hand, recent overseas studies indicated that synthetic disinfectants, such as benzalkonium and benzethonium chlorides, were present in some commercial GSE products. Products containing GSE are used as disinfectants made from only natural sources, especially after Japanese researchers found that GSE prevents the growth of norovirus. ![]() Grapefruit seed extract (GSE), derived from the seeds of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi MCAF.), is listed as a natural food additive in Japan. Sugimoto, Naoki Tada, Atsuko Kuroyanagi, Masanori Yoneda, Yuko Yun, Young Sook Kunugi, Akira Sato, Kyoko Yamazaki, Takeshi Tanamoto, Ken-Ichi Other tested bacteria and yeasts were sensitive to extract concentrations ranging from 4.13% to 16.50% (m/V). Ethanolic extract exibited the strongest antimicrobial effect against Salmonella enteritidis (MIC 2.06%, m/V). The presence of flavanones naringin and hesperidin in the extract was confirmed by TLC analysis. The contents of 3.92% of total polyphenols and 0.11% of flavonoids were determined spectrometrically in crude ethanolic extract. The level of antimicrobial effects was established using an in vitro agar assay and standard broth dilution susceptibility test. The results obtained suggest a close correlation between the microbial effect and the presence of chemical additives in the samples analysed.Īntimicrobial activity of grapefruit seed and pulp ethanolic extract.Ĭvetnić, Zdenka Vladimir-Knezević, SandaĪntibacterial and antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf., Rutaceae) seed and pulp was examined against 20 bacterial and 10 yeast strains. This study evaluates the chemical composition of grapefruit seed extracts using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the detection of benzethonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide and decyltrimethylammonium chloride. larvae (White 1906) is one of the most serious diseases of honey bees, causing beekeepers and health workers to make difficult, complex decisions and leading to the development of 'organic' treatments, such as grapefruit seed extract, with minor residue problems in the end product. Spinosi, Valerio Semprini, Primula Langella, Vincenzo Scortichini, Giampiero Calvarese, SilvanoĪmerican foulbrood, caused by Paenibacillus larvae subsp. Presence of chemical additives and microbial inhibition capacity in grapefruit seed extracts used in apiculture. Natural products with antimicrobial activity do not appear to be present. Thus, it is concluded that the potent as well as nearly universal antimicrobial activity being attributed to grapefruit seed extract is merely due to the synthetic preservative agents contained within. However, with this extract as well as with several self-made extracts from seed and juiceless pulp of grapefruits (Citrus paradisi) no antimicrobial activity could be detected (standard serial broth dilution assay, agar diffusion test). In only one of the grapefruit seed extracts tested no preservative agent was found. Additionally, three extracts contained the preserving substances triclosan and methyl parabene. In all of the antimicrobial active grapefruit seed extracts, the preservative benzethonium chloride was detected by thin layer chromatography. ![]() Five of the six extracts showed a high growth inhibiting activity against the test germs Bacillus subtilis SBUG 14, Micrococcus flavus SBUG 16, Staphylococcus aureus SBUG 11, Serratia marcescens SBUG 9, Escherichia coli SBUG 17, Proteus mirabilis SBUG 47, and Candida maltosa SBUG 700. The antimicrobial efficacy as well as the content of preservative agents of six commercially available grapefruit seed extracts were examined. Von Woedtke, T Schlüter, B Pflegel, P Lindequist, U Jülich, W D Aspects of the antimicrobial efficacy of grapefruit seed extract and its relation to preservative substances contained. ![]()
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